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Procedures

Infertility is a problem of global proportions that affects an estimated 15% of couples worldwide. At Gynem, we are doing our best to redress the balance through the art and science of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The primary approaches we employ in this quest are in vitro fertilisation (IVF), egg and embryo donation, and social freezing. Learn more below.

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Diagnostics

There are many causes of infertility and they affect both men and women. For example, a problem with ovulation can prevent pregnancy, but we often find that there are a number of problems causing infertility.

In 35% of cases there is a problem with fertility on the woman's side, in 35% of cases it’s infertility on the man's side; in 15% of cases it’s a problem on both sides, and in 15% of cases the cause cannot be detected (idiopathic sterility). Since problems conceiving can be the result of a combination of factors in both partners, addressing infertility should always involve the whole couple.

Determining the Causes of Infertility in a Woman

We have several methods available to help us determine the cause of female infertility. Sometimes the cause is easily diagnosed, at other times we have to look at the problem in more detail. The basis for a comprehensive diagnosis of infertility in a woman involves the compilation of: anamnesis - that is, the patient’s entire medical history - a laboratory blood test, an ultrasound examination of the ovaries and uterus and an examination of the patency (openness) of the fallopian tubes. In some cases, these methods are not sufficient and it’s necessary to proceed to more invasive interventions or specialized examinations.

Most Common Causes of Infertility in Women:

Anovulation - an egg is not released from the ovaries.

Obstruction of the fallopian tubes - usually the result of inflammation in the small pelvis, ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube or endometriosis.

Endometriosis - a disorder in which the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterine cavity, most often in the peritoneum and ovaries.

Adenomyosis – the presence of endometrial cells in the uterine muscle

Ovarian failure – premature ovarian failure, loss of follicles before the age of 40.

Immunological causes – cervical mucus contains antibodies that attack sperm. Problems can also be caused by increased cellular immunity causing a disturbance in the implantation of the embryo.

Genetic cause - some congenital genetic disorders can cause infertility.

Idiopathic cause - the cause of infertility cannot be detected even after every available method of examination.

Determining the Causes of Male Infertility

As with a woman, a personal and family anamnesis is compiled for a man. The main indicator of male fertility is the spermiogram - it will tell us, among other things, the amount, momentum and vitality of the sperm. If necessary, the fertility disorder can be investigated  in more depth through hormonal, genetic or andrological examination.

 

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Most Common Causes of Male Infertility

It is usually impossible to discover the specific cause of infertility in men. Fertility problems can be the result of an unhealthy lifestyle or wearing underwear that is too tight and constricting. An unhealthy, polluted environment can also have adverse effects on male fertility, as can genetic and immunological factors.

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